Polarizers are optically active devices that can isolate one direction of the electric vector.
Unpolarized (natural) light
Polarizer
Polarized light
The most common polarizers used today are (1) dichroic devices, which operate by effectively absorbing one plane of polarization (e.g., Polaroid type-H sheets based on stretched polyvinyl alcohol impregnated with iodine) and (2) double refracting calcite (CaCO3) crystal polarizers - which differentially disperse the two planes of polarization (examples of this class of polarizers are Nicol polarizers, Wollaston prisms and Glan-type polarizers such as the Glan-Foucault, Glan-Thompson and Glan-Taylor polarizers)
Polarizer
Polarized light
Polarizers I