Specifically, the probability of the absorption is
proportional to the cosine squared of the angle q between the exciting light and the transition dipole (cos2 q).
Hence, when we excite an ensemble of randomly oriented
fluorophores with plane-polarized light we are performing a photoselection process, creating a population of excited molecules which
nominally have their excited dipoles lines up with the polarization direction of the
excitation. This process is illustrated below: